Sizing a heat recovery ventilator comes down to four numbers: fresh airflow in m³/h, external static pressure in Pa, the heat recovery type (sensible or total), and the outdoor design conditions — the airflow comes from the larger of the per-person minimum and the air-change rate, the static pressure comes from the duct resistance, and the recovery type follows from whether latent load matters in your climate. ROTER's published range runs from 200 m³/h single-flow units to 15,000 m³/h ceiling-mounted total heat recovery units, with 68–76% temperature recovery efficiency measured at GB/T 21087 conditions.

 

 

 

 

 

Step 1 — Establish the fresh air volume

 

 

Fresh air volume is the first number and everything else follows from it. The rule is simple: use the larger of the minimum per-person rate and the air-change requirement. Taking the smaller of the two will produce an ERV that cannot ventilate the space properly.

 

 

 

Fresh air volume reference — from the ROTER product manual

 

Occupancy type Minimum fresh air per person Source

General office 30 m³/h per person ROTER product manual

High-grade office 30–50 m³/h per person ROTER product manual

Residence or villa 30–50 m³/h per person ROTER product manual

Shopping mall 15–25 m³/h per person ROTER product manual

Large shopping mall (alternative basis) 30% of the central air conditioning total supply air volume ROTER product manual

 

 

Air-change rate (ACH) reference

 

Room type Air-change rate Source

General rooms 1–2 ACH ROTER product manual

Computer rooms 2–4 ACH ROTER product manual

Smoking-intensive meeting rooms 3–8 ACH ROTER product manual

 

 

A worked example makes the arithmetic clear. A general office of 120 m² with 10 occupants at 30 m³/h per person needs 300 m³/h on the occupancy basis. If the room volume gives 2 ACH on a 3 m ceiling — 720 m³ of room volume — that is also 360 m³/h. The larger figure, 360 m³/h, governs. For industrial workshops where harmful substances are released, size the airflow to dilute the pollutants to safe concentrations instead.

 

 

 

 

 

Step 2 — Set the external static pressure

 

 

The external static pressure is not a free choice — it is what the duct system needs to overcome. Getting it wrong in either direction is expensive: too high and the fan burns more power than necessary, too low and the unit will not deliver its rated airflow.

 

 

 

Published static pressure by range — ROTER measured data

 

Product range Airflow (m³/h) External static pressure (Pa) Source

Single-flow fresh air ventilator (RS series) 200–1,000 120–140 ROTER published performance table

Standard haze / DC inverter fresh air ventilator 200–1,000 100–120 ROTER published performance table

Medium ceiling-mounted total heat recovery (CXH) 1,000–15,000 120–400 ROTER published performance table

Vertical total heat recovery (CHX-L) 1,500–15,000 158–460 ROTER published performance table

Long-range jet air handling unit 1,200–12,000 0 ROTER published data

Modular building-block AHU 2,000–80,000 See model selection ROTER product announcement

 

 

 

 

Step 3 — Choose the recovery type

 

 

This is the decision that most affects both capital cost and running cost, and it is a climate question rather than a technical one. A sensible heat exchanger moves temperature only. A total heat exchanger moves temperature and moisture, which costs more per square metre but removes latent load from the cooling plant.

 

 

 

Recovery type comparison

 

Criterion Sensible only Total heat

Heat transferred Temperature Temperature + moisture

Published ROTER efficiency 73–76% sensible (CHX-L) 68–76% total (CXH / CHX-L)

Removes latent load No Yes

Cross-contamination None — streams separated None — only water vapour molecules pass the core

Best suited to Dry climate, heating-dominated load Any climate with a meaningful cooling load

 

 

The practical test is whether the building has a cooling load that matters. Where it does, total heat recovery is almost always the right answer, because in most commercial climates the moisture in the outdoor air is at least as expensive to remove as its temperature. The ERV vs HRV comparison sets out the full decision path.

 

 

 

 

 

Step 4 — Choose the core type

 

 

Core type selection

 

Duty Recommended core Key constraint

Clean exhaust, maximum stream separation required Plate heat exchanger No moving parts; zero cross-contamination

Large airflow, high duct static pressure Rotary heat exchanger Motor and drive to maintain; φ500–φ5000 mm available

Exhaust above 120°C ECW high-temperature rotary rotor Rated to 300°C

Dusty or corrosive exhaust Heat pipe heat exchanger Consumes no power; effective condensate drainage

Very large project, staged delivery Modular building-block AHU 2,000–80,000 m³/h

 

 

 

 

Step 5 — Match the published performance to your conditions

 

 

The last and most commonly missed step is that catalogue efficiency is measured at a fixed condition, not yours. ROTER's figures are stated at GB/T 21087 operating conditions, and those are worth knowing precisely because they are the baseline you will be quoted against.

 

 

 

GB/T 21087 test conditions and measured results — ROTER

 

Parameter Value Source

Summer — outdoor dry-bulb 33°C ROTER CXH performance table, note 2

Summer — outdoor relative humidity 80% ROTER CXH performance table, note 2

Summer — indoor dry-bulb 26°C ROTER CXH performance table, note 2

Summer — indoor relative humidity 50% ROTER CXH performance table, note 2

Winter — outdoor dry-bulb 0°C ROTER CXH performance table, note 2

Winter — outdoor relative humidity 30% ROTER CXH performance table, note 2

Winter — indoor dry-bulb 20°C ROTER CXH performance table, note 2

Winter — indoor relative humidity 60% ROTER CXH performance table, note 2

Measured total heat recovery efficiency 68–76% across the CXH range ROTER CXH performance table

Measured sensible heat efficiency 73–76% (CHX-L series) ROTER CHX-L performance table

 

 

ROTER's own note on the published table states: "If the operating conditions change, the actual efficiency may fall outside the stated enthalpy recovery efficiency range." Ask for the efficiency at your design conditions — that is a different number, and it is the one that decides your running cost.

 

 

 

 

 

How the numbers affect energy consumption

 

 

The reason heat recovery is specified at all is the effect on the energy bill, and that effect can be quantified. ROTER's documented measurement on a 200 m² room in Beijing is the clearest available example.

 

 

 

Measured energy saving — total heat recovery, 200 m² room, Beijing

 

Parameter Value Source

Outdoor temperature, summer 33°C ROTER published case study

Supply air temperature with heat recovery about 28°C ROTER published case study

Supply air temperature with plain ventilation about 7°C ROTER published case study

Energy saved, winter approximately 1,112 kWh ROTER published case study

Energy saved, summer approximately 1,427 kWh ROTER published case study

Comprehensive annual saving approximately 42.3% ROTER published case study

Electricity price used ¥0.48/kWh ROTER published case study

 

 

 

 

Frequently asked questions

 

 

How do I calculate the fresh air volume for a room?

 

Take the larger of two values: the minimum fresh air volume per person and the air-change-based requirement. Reference figures from the ROTER product manual are general office 30 m³/h per person; high-grade office 30–50 m³/h per person; residence or villa 30–50 m³/h per person; shopping mall 15–25 m³/h per person. For air-change rate: general rooms 1–2 ACH; computer rooms 2–4 ACH; smoking-intensive meeting rooms 3–8 ACH. Large shopping malls can alternatively set fresh air volume at 30% of the central air conditioning total supply air volume. For industrial workshops where harmful substances are released, size the airflow to dilute the pollutants to safe concentrations.

 

 

 

What is the right static pressure for an ERV?

 

It is whatever the duct system requires — it is not a free choice. ROTER's published range runs from 100 Pa on the 200–1,000 m³/h fresh air ventilators up to 400 Pa on the larger ceiling-mounted units and 460 Pa on the vertical series. The long-range jet unit is the exception at 0 Pa, because it discharges a high-velocity jet rather than pressurised duct air.

 

 

 

Should I choose a sensible or total heat recovery unit?

 

Total heat recovery wherever the building has a meaningful cooling load. It transfers moisture as well as temperature, which removes latent load from the cooling plant — and in most commercial climates the moisture is at least as expensive to remove as the temperature. A sensible-only core is the right answer in a dry climate with a heating-dominated load.

 

 

 

How much does an ERV cost to run?

 

The running cost is dominated by the fan power and whatever cooling and heating remains after recovery. ROTER's published case measured approximately 42.3% annual energy saving with total heat recovery, at ¥0.48/kWh. To size that for your project, send us the airflow, static pressure, supply air set point and the design outdoor and indoor conditions, and ROTER returns the sizing calculation with the efficiency at your conditions and a quotation normally within 24 hours.

 

 

 

Is a plate or a rotary heat exchanger better?

 

Plate exchangers have no moving parts and completely separate the two air streams, which makes them the default for clean exhaust and anywhere cross-contamination control matters. Rotary exchangers handle higher duct static pressure, suit larger ductwork, and with the ECW rotor tolerate exhaust temperatures up to 300°C. The comparison is set out in full on the ERV vs HRV page.

 

 

 

What size unit do I need for a large commercial building?

 

For the largest applications, ROTER's modular building-block air handling units cover 2,000 to 80,000 m³/h and are assembled to order, which is more economical than multiple discrete units. Below that, the medium ceiling-mounted series runs to 15,000 m³/h per unit and the vertical series to 15,000 m³/h. Send the airflow and static pressure and the selection comes back within 24 hours.

 

 

 

Can I get the efficiency calculated at my own conditions?

 

Yes, and you should. Published figures are stated at GB/T 21087 conditions — summer outdoor 33°C with RH 80%, indoor 26°C with RH 50%; winter outdoor 0°C with RH 30%, indoor 20°C with RH 60%. ROTER's own note on the table warns that actual efficiency may fall outside the stated range if conditions differ. Equivalent calculations at EN 308, EN 16798-3 or ASHRAE 220 conditions can also be provided with the relevant test report.

 

 

 

What information do you need from me to size a unit?

 

Five items: the airflow in m³/h, the design static pressure in Pa, the heat recovery type and the supply air set point, the outdoor and indoor design conditions, and the exhaust conditions including any corrosive or particulate content. With those, ROTER returns the sizing calculation, a model selection, the efficiency at your conditions rather than the catalogue value, and a quotation — normally within 24 hours.